Adjustable Cast Iron Universal 'S' Wrench with Patented Dates

This item is an antique cast iron universal wrench, designed to offer adjustable sizing for various nuts and bolts. It appears to be constructed entirely from cast iron, evidenced by its dark, uniform color and robust, somewhat rough texture. The wrench is compact, likely fitting comfortably in a hand, and exhibits an open-frame design with various shaped openings and a sliding mechanism on the right side. The condition shows significant signs of age, including surface rust, pitting, and a well-developed patina, indicating prolonged exposure to elements and use. Despite the wear, the structural integrity appears sound with no visible breaks or major repairs. The most notable features are the impressed manufacturing marks. On the upper section, 'IND PLS IND' is clearly visible, likely referring to Indianapolis, Indiana, indicating the place of manufacture. Below this, there are patent dates stamped: 'MAY 29 '00', 'JUNE 22 '09', and 'AUG 8 '16'. These dates confirm the item's age, placing its production between 1900 and 1916, characteristic of early 20th-century industrial tools. The specific design and patent dates suggest it is a patented 'S' wrench, often referred to as a 'Monkey Wrench' due to its adjustable jaw mechanism, though this specific type is more generic. The craftsmanship is typical of cast iron tools from this period – functional, durable, and mass-produced, yet possessing a certain utilitarian aesthetic. The sliding jaw indicates its adjustability, a key innovation for universal wrenches of that era. The tool's compact size and multi-jaw design suggest it was intended as a versatile, all-in-one wrench for mechanics, farmers, or home users.