Middle Paleolithic Multi-Tool Hand Scraper and Axe

This artifact is a lithic multi-tool from the Middle Paleolithic era, specifically identified as a combined scraper and hand axe, measuring approximately 3 inches by 2 inches. The item is crafted from high-quality cream-colored chert, displaying a rugged, triangular geometry that fits ergonomically within the hand. Its physical construction features deliberate unifacial and bifacial flaking along its margins, creating sharp, durable edges suitable for cutting, scraping, or chopping tasks. The surface color is a weathered cream or off-white with distinct areas of dark mineralization and iron oxide staining, which are localized indicators of its long-term deposition in the soil within Guthrie, Oklahoma. Notable features include a prominent bulb of percussion and several negative flake scars that demonstrate skilled knapping techniques characteristic of primitive tool production. The condition appears stable with significant ancient patination; while there is evidence of edge wear consistent with prehistoric use, there is no signs of modern damage or recent fracture. This piece serves as a primary example of pre-Clovis or early North American lithic technology, showcasing the utilitarian craftsmanship of early inhabitants who utilized local mineral resources to create durable, portable survival equipment. Its quality is indicated by the precision of the retouching along the working edge and the overall preservation of the stone's structural integrity.